![]() ![]() So the use of the same pingers (i.e., the same hydrophones) for an entire commercial net block has routinely been found to be safe by the OIFC review and by Acevedo-Villa et al (2014). However the range in the measurements (2.6 ± 0.4 m for the standard octave pingers in the in situ measurements) is a minimum estimate for reasons listed in the NOAA/OSA Manual of Procedures Benchmarking 9602-2). The standard range at the surface is typically determined to exist between 0.3 m and 2.0 m from the center of the receiver(s) of the array. The major differences in the literature about the pinger and the set net trap periods include additional data from in situ measurements of the velocity profiles and descriptions of the range of the pinger at sea where the additional detection range is dependent on the sound penetration of the medium through and around the sweeping volume. The reported changes in bycatch by shortening or extending the set net trap periods are determined using total and partial CSR campaigns.
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